THE THIRTY TWO AND FIFTY FOUR FARDS

When a child that reaches puberty or a kâfir [non-Muslim] says kalimat at-tawhîd [word of unity], that is (Lâ ilâha illallah Muhammadun rasûlullah) [There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His Rasûl (messenger and prophet)] and if he knows and understands the meaning of this, he becomes a Muslim. All past sins of that kâfir are immediately forgiven. But, just like any Muslim, they should learn the six conditions of îmân as soon as there is an opportunity, that is, they must memorize and learn the meaning of (Âmantu) and believe in it and say (I believe in all of Islam, that is, I accept that all the commandments and prohibitions that Muhammad alaihis-salâm declared came from Allahu ta’âlâ). Later, as soon as he has the opportunity, it is fard for him to learn what is fard (commanded by Allahu ta’âlâ) and what is harâm (prohibited by Allahu ta’âlâ) among all habits and also among the actions relevant to him [things that he faces in his daily life and occupation]. He loses his îmân if he denies (fails to believe) that it is fard to learn about these or it is necessary to carry out the fards and to refrain from the harâms. If he does not approve and accept one of these things that he learns [i.e. commandments and prohibitions of Islam], he becomes murtad [renegade]. Murtad does not become a Muslim by saying only (Lâ ilâha illallah) and by carrying out some of the orders of Islam such as performing salât, fasting, performing Hajj, giving donations etc. He will not benefit from these at all in the afterlife. To become a Muslim again, he must repent for his denial of the specific issue in question.

Islamic scholars have selected [and separately listed] thirty two and fifty four of the fards that every Muslim should learn about, believe in, and obey.

The Thirty Two Fards


Conditions of îmân: Six (6)
Conditions of Islam: Five (5)
Fards of salât: Twelve (12)
Fards of abdast: Four (4)
Fards of ghusl: Three (3)
Fards of tayammum: Two (2)

Some scholars said that tayammum has three fards. Then, the total of these would be thirty three fards.

Conditions of îmân (6)

1. To believe in the existence and the unity of Allahu ta’âlâ.
2- To believe in His malaks [angels].
3- To believe in the books sent by Allahu ta’âlâ.
4- To believe in the Nabees [Prophets] of Allahu ta’âlâ.
5- To believe in the day of Akhirat [the Hereafter; the endless (infinite) time that starts with the death of a person; this includes the life in the grave, the life in Qiyâmat (the Day of Judgment) after resurrection before going to Jannat or Jahannam, and the endless life in Jannat or Jahannam].
6- To believe in Qadar [destiny], and that khayrs [good things] and shars [bad things] come from Allahu ta’âlâ.

Conditions of Islam (5)

7- To say the kalimat ash-shahâda [word of witnessing: Ash-hadu an lâ ilâha illallah wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasûluh. The meaning of this word of shahâda is: “I know and believe as if I saw that there is no god, nobody besides Allahu ta’âlâ, whose existence is necessary and who deserves to be worshipped and obeyed. I know and believe as if I saw that Muhammad (alaihis-salâm) is both a born servant and the Prophet of Allahu ta’âlâ.”].
8- To perform each of the five salâts every day when its specified time arrives.
9- To give the zakât of one’s possessions.
10- To fast every day during the month of Ramadan.
11- To travel for Hajj once in a life time (for those who are able to).

Fards of Salât (12)

A- External fards are seven. These are also called conditions [of salât].

12- Tahârat [cleaning] from hadas [lack of abdast].
13- Tahârat [cleaning] from najâsat [dirts].
14- Satr-i awrat [covering of places of awrat].
15- Istiqbâl-i qibla [facing the qibla (direction of Kaaba)].
16- Wakt [prescribed time].
17- Niyyat [intention].
18- The takbîr of iftitah or tahrîma [saying Allahu-akbar at the beginning].

B- Internal fards are five. Each of these is called a rukn [a basic unit of salât].

19- Qiyâm [standing].
20- Qirâat [reciting].
21- Rukû’ [bending forward by putting the hands on the knees].
22- Sajda [prostrating, putting the forehead and the nose on the ground].
23- Qa’da-i âkhira [sitting at the end]

Fards of Abdast (4)

24- To wash the face during abdast.
25- To wash the hands [and the forearms up to and] including the elbows.
26- To make mas’h to [to wipe] one fourth of the head.
27- To wash the feet including the heels [and the ankles].

Fards of Ghusl (3)

28- To wash [the inside of the] mouth (mazmaza).
29- To wash [the inside of the] nose (istinshaq).
30- To wash the entire body.

Fards of Tayammum (2)

31- To make niyyat [to decide] to clean up from being junub or lack of abdast.
32- To tap [to hit] clean soil with both hands, and to make mas’h [wiping, rubbing] to the face, and then to tap clean soil again with both hands, and finally to rub both arms from the elbows to the palms.

The Fifty Four Fards

1. To believe in the unity of Allahu ta’âlâ [that is, He is one, He has no partners, there is no god but Allah].
2. To eat and drink halâl [permitted sustenance] only.
3. To make abdast.
4. To perform the five daily salâts.
5. To make ghusl after becoming junub.
6. To believe that rizq is from Allahu ta’âlâ.
7. To wear clean and halâl clothes.
8. To have tawakkul [trust, faith, confidence] in Hak [Allah].
9. To be contented [with what one has earned, not to be covetous].
10. To make shukr [to thank] Allahu ta’âlâ for the ne’mats [benefactions, blessings] He has given.
11. To be accepting of qadâ [Allahu ta’âlâ’s will].
12. To have patience for mishaps [to endure calamities without complaining].
13. To repent [to make tawba] for sins.
14. To make ibâdats [worship] only for Allahu ta’âlâ’s approval.
15. To know that shaytan [satan] is an enemy.
16. To willingly accept the decrees of Qur’ân al-karîm.
17. To accept that death is hak [true and right].
18. To be friends with Allahu ta’âlâ’s friends, and to be enemies to Allahu ta’âlâ’s enemies.
19. To be kind [to do kindnesses] to one’s father and mother.
20. To encourage [to teach and help spread] ma’rufs [good deeds] and to discourage [to prevent and advise against] munkars [sins].
21. To visit relatives.
22. Not to betray an amanat [something entrusted to him for safekeeping].
23. To always fear Allahu ta’âlâ, and to abandon wildness (arrogance and unbounded, excessive actions).
24. To obey Allah and His Rasûl.
25. To refrain from sins, to do ibâdats.
26. To obey Muslim administrators.
27. To contemplate the world and heed the lessons hidden in the creation.
28. To ponder the existence of Allahu ta’âlâ.
29. To protect one’s tongue [language] from obscene words.
30. To keep the heart clean and pure.
31. Not to mock anybody.
32. Not to look at harâm [i.e. at things that are harâm to look at].
33. A mu’min [believer] must always keep his word.
34. Protect one’s ear from listening to munkarat [munkars, forbidden things].
35. To learn ilm [religious knowledge].
36. To use measurement and weighing devices honestly.
37. Never to be sure of safety from Allah’s azab [punishment], to always have fear.
38. To give zakât to poor Muslims and to help them.
39. Never loose hope for Allah’s rahmat [mercy and forgiveness].
40. Not to obey nafs’s desires. [Nafs is the “self” that is the source of all bad desires.]
41. To feed people for Allahu ta’âlâ’s approval.
42. To work for a living, sufficient rizq [sustenance, food, water, clothes, and shelter].
43. To give the zakât [one fortieth] of one’s possessions [money, gold, silver, commodities for trade, and four-legged animals such as cattle] and the ushr [one tenth] of the crops.
44. Refrain from intercourse with his wife during her [monthly] period or during lohusa [after child birth] state.
45. To cleanse one’s heart from sins.
46. To avoid being conceited.
47. To protect the possessions of an orphan that has not reached puberty.
48. To avoid being close to young boys [homosexuality is harâm].
49. To perform the five daily salâts on time, i.e. not to delay any salât beyond its latest time.
50. Not to use or take anybody’s possessions with zulm [with cruelty, unjustly].
51. To avoid shirk [idolatry, ascribing partners to Allahu ta’âlâ].
52. Refrain from fornication.
53. Refrain from drinking wine and other alcoholic beverages.
54. Not to swear [not to take an oath] without necessity.


ON KUFR
The worst of all evil deeds is to disbelieve Allahu ta’âlâ and to be an atheist. To disbelieve the things that must be believed in is kufr [disbelief]. It is kufr to disbelieve Muhammad alaihissalâm. Sincere belief in everything Muhammad alaihissalâm brought from Allahu ta’âlâ and acknowledging these with one’s tongue is called ÎMÂN [faith, belief]. Not saying [openly with the tongue] is excused when there is a hindrance [to an open declaration of îmân]. For îmân to exist, one must also abstain from using and saying things that Islam declares to be signs of kufr. To belittle something that belongs to Islamic ahkâm, i.e. commandments and prohibitions of Islam, or to mock with Qur’ân al-karîm, with a malak [angel], with one of Nabees [Prophets] are among indications of kufr. Denial, that is, to disbelieve after hearing [about Islam], means not accepting. Doubting also means [is equivalent to] denial.
There are three types of kufr: Jahlî [based on ignorance], Juhûdî [based on obstinacy] and Hukmî [based on judgment].
I. The kufr of those who become kâfir because they have not heard and have not thought [about Islam] is kufr-i jahlî. Jahl [ignorance] is of two types: The first is simple. Someone like this knows that he is ignorant. These do not have an incorrect i’tiqâd [creed]. They are like animals. This is because, what separates human beings from animals is ilm [knowledge] and comprehension [capacity to perceive]. These are even below animals. This is because animals are advanced in what they have been created for. The second type of jahl is jahl-i murakkab [compound ignorance]. This is having incorrect and deviated i’tiqâd. Beliefs of Greek philosophers and those of the seventy two deviant sects of Muslims who have beliefs inconsistent with explicitly declared tenets of Islam are of this type. This type of ignorance is worse than the first [simple] type. This is a disease for which there is no known cure.
II. Kufr-i Juhûdî is also called kufr-i inâdî [inâd = stubbornness]. It refers to becoming kâfir knowingly, with obstinacy. This results from pride, arrogance, love of position [rank], or from fear of criticism. The kufrs [denials] of Firavn [Pharaoh] and his companions, and that of Heraclius were like this.
III. The third type of kufr is kufr-i Hukmî. One who says or does things that are declared as indications of lack of îmân becomes kâfir even if there is belief in his heart and he says he is a believer. To insult something that Islam requires Muslims to revere, or to revere something that should be despised according to Islam is kufr.
1. The statement “Allahu ta’âlâ is looking at us from Arsh or from sky” is kufr. [Because this statement attributes a makân (place) to Allahu ta’âlâ.]
2. It is kufr to say “Allahu ta’âlâ is behaving cruelly towards you just like you behave cruelly towards me.”
3. It is kufr to refer to a Muslim by saying “He is the same as a Jew from my perspective.”
4. It is kufr to support a lie by saying “Allahu ta’âlâ knows that it is true.” [Such a statement ascribes ignorance to Allahu ta’âlâ.]
5. It is kufr to say things that insult, mock or belittle malaks [angels].
6. It is kufr to say anything that belittles or contradicts Qur’ân al-karîm. It is kufr to disbelieve or demean even a single letter of Qur’ân al-karîm.
7. It is kufr to recite Qur’ân al-karîm together with musical instruments.
8. It is kufr to disbelieve or to speak ill of the real Tawrat [the book that descended to Mûsa [Moses] alaihissalâm] or Injîl [the Bible]. The real [original] Tawrat and Injîl do not exist today.
9. It is kufr to recite Qur’ân al-karîm with shâdh letters and to say that “this is Qur’ân al-karîm.” [It is kufr to recite in a way in which none of the religious scholars have recited, even if it does not change the meaning or the words.]
10. It is kufr to insult or to belittle the Nabees [Prophets].
11. It is kufr to disbelieve one of the twenty five Nabees named in Qur’ân al-karîm.
12. When referring to somebody who does a lot of good deeds, it is kufr to say that he/she is better than a Nabee.
13. It is kufr to say that Nabees were needy [dependent on others]. Because, their poverty was by their own choice.
14. If somebody says he is a Nabee, those who believe in him also become kâfir.
15. To make fun of things that will happen in the Hereafter is kufr.
16. To disbelieve the punishments in the grave and the Qiyâmat (by saying that they are contrary to wisdom or science) is kufr.
17. To deny seeing Allahu ta’âlâ in Jannat [Paradise] or to say “I do not want Jannat, I want Allahu ta’âlâ,” is kufr.
18. Words that indicate disbelief in Islam, [for example] saying that physical sciences are more useful than religious knowledge are kufr.
19. Saying “Performing salât and not performing salât are the same” is kufr [for this statement belittles salât].
20. It is kufr to say “I do not give zakât.” [For this is rejecting that zakât is fard.]
21. It is kufr to say “I wish interest were halâl [permitted].”
22. It is kufr to say “I wish cruelty [violating the rights of others] were halâl.”
23. It is kufr to give money or property from a harâm [religiously forbidden] source to a needy person and to expect thawâb [reward from Allahu ta’âlâ] in return. Similarly, it is kufr for the receiving person to pray for the donator to be rewarded (if he knows that the donation is from a harâm source).
24. It is kufr to say that the qiyas [deductions, interpretations, the maddhab] of Imam Abû Hanifa is not haq [rightful]. This is one reason why Wahhabis become kâfir.
25. It is kufr to disapprove one of well-known sunnas [traditions and practices of the Nabee alaihissalâm].
26. It is kufr to say “I don’t see anything but minbar, mat, and the grave” when one hears the hadîth-i-sherîf “The space [Ravda-i mutahhara] between my grave and my minbar is a garden among the gardens of Jannat.” [Minbar: The high pulpit in a mosque climbed with stairs where the khutba is performed. Khutba: The homily delivered at the minbar by the imâm during the prayers of Friday and Iyds (Islamic holidays).]
27. It is kufr to disbelieve Islamic knowledge, and to insult these and Islamic scholars.
28. If a person wants to be kâfir, he bocomes kâfir at the instant he decides to do so.
29. If a person wants another to become kâfir, he himself becomes kâfir if he wants this because he approves kufr.
30. If a person says words that cause kufr intentionally and with the knowledge that they cause kufr, he becomes kâfir. If he says those words without such knowledge, he again becomes kâfir according to the majority of scholars.
31. An action that is a cause for kufr will lead to kufr if carried out knowingly. According to many scholars, such an action will cause kufr when carried out without knowing that it is kufr.
32. To wear clothing or anything that symbolizes or represents kufr will cause kufr. A type of belt [rope] called zunnar and used by priests is an example. It is also kufr for a merchant to use these in non-Muslim countries. To use such things for fun, to make others laugh, or as a joke will also cause kufr.
33. It is kufr to use or do things that kâfirs use or do in their religious days. It is kufr to give such gifts to kâfirs on their religious holidays.
34. There is the danger of kufr-i hukmî in words that are spoken to show off with one’s knowledge, wit and eloquence as well as to surprise others or to make them laugh, happy or to make fun of something or somebody. Words said with wrath, anger and rage are also dangerous.
35. If one who makes Ghiybat [backbiting, gossiping about someone] says “I have not made Ghiybat, I have said the truth”, it is kufr [because this is tantamount to denying that Ghiybat is a sin].
36. If a girl married at a young age does not know îmân and Islam when she reaches puberty, she is [automatically] divorced from her husband, she becomes murtad [apostate, a Muslim who becomes kâfir]. The same is true for a boy reaching puberty.
37. It is kufr to say “you did good” to somebody who has killed or ordered the killing of a mu’min [without a just reason].
38. It is kufr to say “killing him is required” for a person whose execution is not wâjib [obligatory].
39. It is kufr to say “you did good, he deserved it” to an oppressor who beats or kills a person without a justifiable cause.
40. It is kufr to lie by saying “Allahu ta’âlâ knows that I love you more than my child.”
41. If a Muslim with a high rank and position sneezes, and somebody says Yarhamukallah [may Allah’s mercy be upon you] to him, it is kufr to say “It is not appropriate to say so to your superiors!”
42. To abandon salât, zakât, or sawm [fasting] by belittling their importance and disbelieving these ibâdats will be kufr.
43. It is kufr to loose hope for Allahu ta’âlâ’s rahmat [mercy and forgiveness].
44. A property or money that is not harâm itself but becomes harâm because of a cause that occurs later is called “harâm li-gayrihi.” Properties acquired by stealing or by other harâm means are examples. It is not kufr to call these halâl. Things that are themselves harâm, such as pork, wine, and carcass [meat of an animal slaughtered without saying the name of Allah], are called “harâm li-’aynihi.” It is kufr to call these halâl.
45. If some sinful action is known to be harâm with certainty, then it is kufr to call it halâl.
46. It is kufr to denigrate things valued by Islam such as azân [call to prayer], mosque, and fiqh books.
47. It is kufr to perform salât knowingly without abdast.
48. It is kufr to intentionally perform salât towards a direction other than Qibla [the direction of Kaaba]. If one says that it is not necessary to perform salât towards Qibla, he becomes kâfir.
49. It is not kufr to say “kâfir” to a Muslim just to insult him. But, it is kufr to say so by wishing him to be kâfir [because, approving kufr causes kufr]. [It is also kufr to say “kâfir” to a Muslim by believing that he is indeed kâfir.]
50. To commit a sin [does not cause kufr, but to do so] by belittling its significance will cause kufr.
51. Not believing that one must perform ibâdats and refrain from sins is kufr.
52. To believe that the collected taxes are the property of the Sultan is kufr.
53. To like and approve the religious days of kâfirs, to wear zunnar and to use symbols of kufr without dharura [absolute necessity], and to shake the hand of a kâfir by displaying love or respect, all cause kufr.
54. It is kufr to swear (i.e. take an oath) willingly by saying “Let me be a Jew, let me be kâfir if that person has or does not have that thing…,” regardless of whether or not that person possesses the mentioned thing.
55. It is kufr to say “I wish it were halâl so that I could do it,” for harâms such as fornication, sodomy, interest, and lying which were harâm in all religions.
56. It is kufr to say “I believe the Nabees, but I do not know if Adam alaihissalâm was a Nabee.”
57. One who does not know that Muhammad alaihissalâm is the âkhir time Nabee becomes kâfir [âkhir time is the final time period of the world; Muhammad alaihissalâm is the last Nabee].
58. It is kufr to say “If the Nabees are telling the truth, we are saved,” if this is said to express suspicion.
59. If one is told “Come, perform salât” and if he responds by saying “No, I do not perform salât,” then he becomes kâfir. He does not become kâfir, however, if he means “I do not perform salât because you asked, but I do so because it is commanded by Allahu ta’âlâ.”
60. If one is asked to wear his beard or cut his finger nails in accordance with Rasûlullah’s sunna [in the manner He used to do these things], and he says “No, I won’t,” he becomes kâfir. This applies to other sunnas [traditions of Muhammad alaihissalâm] as well. (It is not kufr if he means “I won’t do it because you asked me to, but I do it because it is the sunna of Rasûlullah.” To say “No, I won’t” is kufr only if the intention is to belittle or refuse the sunna of Rasûlullah.) [Sunna: act, thing, though not commanded by Allâhu ta’âlâ, done and approved by the Prophet alaihissalâm as an ibâdat; there is thawâb if done, but no sin if omitted, yet it is a sin if continually omitted and kufr if despised.]
61. In general, it is kufr to belittle or to despise a sunna. It is sunna to shorten and trim the mustache. When one shortens his mustache in accordance with this sunna, to say “This [trimming] is useless” can lead to kufr.
62. [To wear silk is harâm for a man.] If a man wears silk from head to toe, and if somebody says “Bless your heart!” [or something else that expresses approval and praise,] the person who says this is in danger of becoming kâfir. [In general, it is kufr to praise an action that is harâm.]
63. If somebody commits a makrûh such as extending his legs towards Qibla [the direction of Kaaba] or spitting towards Qibla or urinating towards Qibla, and if he is told that this action is makrûh and he should not do it, if then he says “I wish each of our sins were this little,” this could lead to kufr. This is because he belittles (denies the significance of) a makrûh.
64. If a servant enters the room and says salâm [greeting] to his master (employer), if then somebody there says “Shut up, how can you give salâm to your master?”, the person who says so becomes kâfir. This would not be kufr, however, if his intention was to teach proper manners and to indicate that salâm should be given sincerely.
65. It is kufr to say îmân increases and decreases. It is not kufr to say that yaqeen [certainty] and perfectness of îmân can increase or decrease.
66. It is kufr to say “There are two Qiblas: One is Kaaba, the other is Qudus [Jarusalem].” It is kufr if he means “now.” On the other hand, it is not kufr to say that Bayt-ul Muqaddas [Masjîd-i Aqsâ] was the Qibla, afterwards Kaaba became the Qibla.
67. Feeling and showing hostility and using bad language against a scholar of Islam without a justifiable cause may cause kufr.
68. It is said that one becomes kâfir if he says “Not talking while eating is a good habit of majoosîs [fire worshippers],” or “Not sleeping with one’s wife during her period is a good habit of majoosîs.” [Because these statements entail the praise of kâfirs.]
69. If somebody is asked if he/she is a mu’min, and if that person replies by saying insha’Allah [if Allah permits], this is kufr if he/she cannot make ta’wil [giving a meaning other than the obvious meaning of the statement]. [Because responding in this manner expresses doubt and uncertainty.]
70. Saying “Allahu ta’âlâ needed your child” to a person whose child has passed away is said to cause kufr [by Islamic scholars].
71. If a woman ties a black rope to her waist, and if she says this is zunnar [a rope customarily worn by priests] when asked what that rope is, she becomes kâfir. [It is not permissible to wear cloths and hats and symbols (such as a cross) representing non-Muslims.]
72. If one says “Bismillah” [with the name of Allah] when eating harâm food, he becomes kâfir. This is the case for foods that are harâm li-’aynihi such as wine, lash [corpse/carcass, animal slaughtered without citing the name of Allah or died by itself], and pork. This is not the case for harâms that are not harâm themselves, i.e. harâm li-gayrihi. Saying Bismillah when eating stolen food is not kufr. Because, the food itself is not harâm but stealing it is harâm. [Stealing it by saying Bismillah would be kufr.]
73. It is kufr to approve [to be content with] the kufr of somebody else. Scholars have disagreed on whether or not it is kufr to pray by saying “May Allahu ta’âlâ make you die as a kâfir.” It is kufr to approve his kufr. But, it is not kufr to wish him everlasting and severe punishment because of his sins and cruelty [everlasting punishment is only for kâfirs].
74. To say “Allahu ta’âlâ knows that I did not do this…,” while he knows that he did that action, is kufr. This is because he has ascribed ignorance to Allahu ta’âlâ.
75. If one marries a woman without witnesses, and if he and that woman say “Allahu ta’âlâ and his Rasûl are our witnesses,” they both become kâfirs. This is because our Nabee (alaihissalâm) did not know ghaib [things that cannot be observed or calculated or known by experience] before he passed away [so, he cannot know ghaib now, either]. It is kufr to say He knows ghaib. [Only Allahu ta’âlâ knows ghaib; Rasûl alaihissalâm and others can know about something that is ghaib only if Allahu ta’âlâ informs them about it.]
76. If one says “I know where stolen or misplaced things are,” he and anybody who believes him become kâfirs. He becomes kâfir even if he says djinns [genies] inform him. Even Nabees and genies cannot know about ghaib. [Only Allahu ta’âlâ knows ghaib; Rasûl alaihissalâm and others can know about something that is ghaib only if Allahu ta’âlâ informs them about it.]
77. If somebody wants to take an oath with the name of Allahu ta’âlâ, and somebody else says “I don’t want your oath to Allahu ta’âlâ; take an oath on your marriage and honor and decency,” it is said that he becomes kâfir.
78. If one says “Your face is like the soul taker [angel of death] to me,” to somebody he does not like, it is said that he becomes kâfir. This is because the soul taker [Azrâil alaihissalâm] is a great malak [angel].
79. If one says “It is nice not to perform salât,” he becomes kâfir. If one says to another “Come, perform salât,” and the other person responds by saying “Performing salât is a difficult activity for me,” it is said that he becomes kâfir.
80. If one says “Allahu ta’âlâ is my witness in the sky,” he becomes kâfir. This is because he has attributed a location to Allahu ta’âlâ. Allahu ta’âlâ is munazzah [exalted, free] from being at a location [He is the creator of all locations and places].
81. It is kufr to say “father Allah.” [It is kufr to use words such as father and mother for Allahu ta’âlâ.]
82. If one says “Rasûlullah alaihissalâm used to lick his finger after eating food,” and then if somebody else says “This is improper behavior,” he becomes kâfir.
83. If one says that Rasûlullah alaihissalâm was black, he becomes kâfir. [In Turkey, some ignorant people call black colored dogs by saying “Arab, Arab,” and some others call cockroaches “black Fatima.” One should refrain from these.]
84. If one says “Rizq is from Allahu ta’âlâ, but action from the person is also required,” this is shirk. This is because the action of a person is also from Allahu ta’âlâ [Allahu ta’âlâ is the creator of all actions and all beings].
85. It is kufr to say “It is better to be a Christian than a Jew,” or “It is better-more beneficial to be an American kâfir than being a communist.” One should rather say “Jews are worse than Christians, communists are worse and more harmful than Christians.”
86. One becomes kâfir if he says “Being kâfir is better than being a traitor.”
87. Insulting Islamic scholars and ilm [Islamic knowledge] by saying “What business do I have in a gathering for ilm [meeting for learning and teaching Islam]?”, or “Who has the ability to do the things scholars teach?” is kufr. Similarly, it is kufr to throw a fatwa [decree by an Islamic scholar] to the ground or say “Scholars’ words are useless.”
88. If somebody says something that causes kufr, it is kufr to smile or laugh in return [expressing approval]. It is not kufr to laugh by dharura.
89. If one says “The spirits of mashayeh [sheikhs] are always present and aware,” he becomes kâfir. It is not kufr to say “They become present.” [The spirits of awliya cannot be present and cannot see like Allahu ta’âlâ. They become present when they are mentioned. They are not present before they are mentioned. They cease to be present afterwards.] [It is said that Allahu ta’âlâ is present (Hâdir) and He sees (Nâzir). The use of the word present (Hâdir) is metaphorical in this statement and means that His divine knowledge encompasses everything. This is because Allah exists without locality, place, or time. He is the Creator of space and time. It is not permissible to specify a location or a direction for Him. It is not permissible to say “He is everywhere.” He is the Creator of all directions, locations, and places.]
90. One becomes kâfir if he says “I don’t know Islam” or “I don’t want Islam.”
91. If one says “If Adam alaihissalâm had not eaten wheat, we would not have been sinners,” he becomes kâfir. But there is disagreement about the statement “we would not have been on this earth.”
92. When one says “Adam alaihissalâm used to sew clothes,” if another one answers “Then, we are all draper’s boys,” he becomes kâfir.
93. If a person commits a minor sin, and if he says “What have I done to warrant repentance?” when he is asked to repent, he becomes kâfir [for belittling a sin].
94. If one asks another person “Let’s go to an Islamic scholar” or “Let’s learn from fiqh and ‘ilm al-hâl books,” and he responds “What use do I have for ilm [Islamic knowledge]?” he becomes kâfir. This is because he is belittling [disparaging] ilm. [‘ilm al-hâl books contain information about i’tiqâd [creed], on ahkâm related to everyday life, halâl, harâm, how to perform salât and other ibâdats, and other religious information necessary for all Muslims.]
95. Insulting, ridiculing, or vilifying books on tafsir [explanation of Qur’ân al-karîm] and fiqh [knowledge of harâm, halâl, and other issues regarding actions] is kufr.
96. One becomes kâfir if he does not know the answers to questions like “Whose descendant are you?” “To which milla [religion] do you belong?” “Who is your imam in i’tiqâd?” “What is your maddhab in amal [actions and practice]?”
97. One who declares an undisputed harâm to be halâl [or an undisputed halâl to be harâm] becomes kâfir. [It is dangerous to say that tobacco is harâm.]
98. It is kufr to wish something to be halâl if that thing was harâm in all religions and it is against hikmat [wisdom] for it to be halâl. Fornication, sodomy, continued eating after satiety, paying or receiving interest are such harâms. It is not kufr to wish wine were halâl because it was not harâm in all previous religions.
99. It is kufr to use Qur’ân al-karîm amid nonsense conversation and jokes.
100. It is kufr to say (O Yahya! hooz-el-qitaba) [Maryam 19/12] to somebody named Yahya. It is also kufr to recite Qur’ân al-karîm together with musical instruments, songs, and games.
101. It is âfât [disaster] to say “I came now Bismillahi.” [It is not appropriate to say things that sounds like “I am so great, people come near me by saying “bismillah”.] If one sees something as too many or too much and says (MâhalakAllah) without knowing its meaning, he becomes kâfir.
102. It is âfât [causes kufr] to say “Now I won’t curse you because they have named cursing a sin.”
103. It is âfât to ridicule or mock with a malak [angel], for example by saying “You are naked like the calf [fawn] of Jabrail [Gabriel].”
104. It is feared that saying “For my son’s head” or “Wallahi for my son’s head” may be kufr.
105. It is kufr to recite Qur’ân al-karîm, mawlid [praise of Rasûlullah alaihissalâm] or qasidas [religious poems or lyrics recited with a beautiful voice] together with musical instruments or when music is being played. [It is in general strictly prohibited to use musical instruments in ibâdats and prayers.]
106. It is harâm to respectfully recite Qur’ân al-karîm, mawlid, qasidas, and salavats in gatherings of fisq [sin]. It is kufr to do so for fun and entertainment.
107- One becomes kâfir immediately if he fails to listen to and belittles the azân [call to salât] recited according to sunna.
108- One who interpretes Qur’ân al-karîm according to his own mind becomes kâfir.
109- One who fails to believe in tenets of îmân that are widespread among Muslims and have been declared explicitly in Qur’ân al-karîm and hadîth-i-sherîfs and agreed on unanimously by mujtahid imams [scholars] becomes kâfir. This type of kufr is called ilhad, and such a kâfir is called mulhid [a mulhid thinks he is a Muslim].
110- Saluting a kâfir with respect is kufr.
111- It is kufr to say words showing respect to a kâfir, for example, saying “my master” to a kâfir is kufr.
112- One who approves the kufr of somebody else becomes kâfir.
113- Recordings of Qur’ân al-karîm [on electromagnetic media, tapes, CDs etc.] are valuable like mushaf al-sherîf [Qur’ân al-karîm written on paper]. Being disrespectful to these is also kufr.
114- It is kufr to believe in the fortune-tellers who interact with djinns [genies] and to those who consult astrology books and answer all asked questions, even if their words and actions turn out to be correct occasionally. It is because to believe that anybody other than Allahu ta’âlâ can know everything or can do anything he wishes is kufr.
115- It is kufr to neglect a sunna by belittling it and by thinking that it is insignificant.
116- The following cause kufr: To wear the belt (rope) called zunnar used by priests. To worship or to revere idols such as the Cross and statues and their pictures. To insult one of the religious books teaching the ahkâm of Islam. To make fun of an Islamic scholar. To say or write something that causes kufr. To insult something that must be revered, or to revere something that should be despised [according to Islam].
117- It is kufr to say or to believe that a magician [one who casts spells] can do anything he wants using witchcraft and magic, and that his magic will certainly be effective.
118- When a Muslim is called kâfir by someone and he responds by saying [something like] “Yes?” which shows affirmation, he becomes a kâfir.
119- It is kufr to have a mosque built or to give sadaqa [alms, donation to the poor] or to do some other deed with money from a harâm source and to expect thawâb [reward from Allahu ta’âlâ] in return.
120- If somebody gives sadaqa from a property that is certainly harâm and expects thawâb in return, and if the receiving person says “May Allah be pleased with you” knowing that the donation is from a harâm source, and if a third person says Amin, all become kâfir.
121- One who says it is halâl to marry a woman to whom nikâh [marriage] is harâm becomes kâfir.
122- It is kufr to enjoy oneself by listening to Qur’ân al-karîm from a radio or a loud-speaker among people who have gathered to commit sins, e.g. in bars, taverns, places of games and entertainment.
123. It is kufr to recite Qur’ân al-karîm with musical instruments.
124- It is also kufr to be disrespectful to the reproduction of Qur’ân al-karîm recited on a radio or with a loud-speaker [although the sound coming from such devices is not human voice and therefore does not constitute actual Qirâat [recital], they are similar to actual recital and therefore one should not be disrespectful to such sounds].
125. It is kufr to call anybody other than Allahu ta’âlâ “Creator” whatever the intention is.
126- It is kufr to distort and change the names of Allahu ta’âlâ [e.g. to say Abdulkoydur instead of Abdulkaadir, etc.] intentionally and in a disrespectful manner. Similarly, it is kufr to say Memo instead of Muhammad, Hasso instead of Hasan, Ibo instead of Ibrahim. It is feared that those who write such names on shoes and slippers and those who step on them will become kâfir.
127. It is kufr to perform salât without abdast knowingly. It is kufr to disapprove an action that is sunna. It is kufr to belittle sunna.
128. It is kufr to say “We demolish graves because we are afraid that ignorant people will think that awliya are creators.”
129- One who causes somebody else, especially his own child, to become kâfir becomes kâfir himself.
130- It is kufr to say that fornication and sodomy are halâl.
131- It is kufr to belittle harâms that are known by means of nass [âyats and hadiths with clear meanings] and ijma [agreement of Islamic scholars].
132- To continue and insist committing great sins leads one to kufr. It is kufr to belittle the significance of salât.
133- It is kufr to lay a writing, even a paper or a cover or a sajjade [prayer rug] with single letter [of Qur’ân al-karîm] to the ground [with disrespect].
134- It is kufr to say Abû Bakr-i Siddiq and Umar-ul Faruq (radiyallahu ta’âlâ anhum) did not have the right to khilafat.
135- It is kufr to expect something from a deceased person apart from Allahu ta’âlâ [deceased or alive, nobody can do anything to help another without Allahu ta’âlâ’s help and creation; Allahu ta’âlâ creates everyting].
136- Saying Tez-veren [rapid-giver] Dede [old man, sheikh] is ugly and will cause kufr. [Allahu ta’âlâ gives everything.]
137- Since it is fard to burry the deceased into the ground [soil], one who avoids this service by belittling its importance becomes kâfir. One who says “It is a backward [old, not progressive] practice to burry the deceased, it is better to burn their bodies like Buddhists and communists” looses his îmân and becomes murtad [apostate].
138- It is kufr to deny one of Allahu ta’âlâ’s living or deceased awliya [beloved virtuous servants], either by heart or by spoken words.
139- It is kufr to be hostile to awliya and those [scholars] who act and live in accordance with their [Islamic] knowledge.
140. It is kufr to ascribe esmat [complete innocence, complete absence of all sins] to awliya. [Only Nabees have the esmat attribute.]
141- It is feared that one who has no share of ilm al-batin [inner knowledge, knowledge of heart and spirit] will die without îmân. The minimum degree of having a share of this ilm is to believe in it.
142- It is kufr to read [recite] Qur’ân al-karîm in a way none of the scholars have recited, even if the meaning and the words are not changed.
143- It is kufr to use something characteristic of the prayers and services of priests.
144- It is kufr to believe that any one event occurs by itself and that animals evolved from single-celled organisms towards higher organisms and finally to human beings.
145- One who does not perform salât and does not plan to make qadâ [make-up salât], and does not fear punishment in the Hereafter in return [for not performing salât], is kâfir in the Hanafi maddhab as well.
146- To carry out the ibâdats [prayers, religious services] of kâfirs as ibâdats, for example playing musical instruments like the pipe organ or ringing bells in mosques and to use things that are considered to be symbols of kufr in Islam without dharura [absolute necessity] and jabr [being forced] is kufr.
147- One who curses Ashab [the honorable companions of Muhammad alaihissalâm] is called mulhid. Mulhid is kâfir.
148- It is kufr to hang the pictures of kâfirs on the walls out of respect.
149- It is kufr to exalt pictures, statues, and the cross by believing that the person or the thing they represent has the ulûhiyya [divinity, godhood] attribute, for example by saying that he can create or do whatever he wishes, he can give health to the sick etc. It is also kufr to do so for things such as stars, the sun, or cows.
150- One who slanders Hadrat Âisha [the Prophet’s blessed wife, our mother] radiyallahu anha [by calling Her a whore] and disbelieves that Her father [Abû Bakr (radiyallahu anh)] was a sahâbî [companion] becomes kâfir.
151- It is known with dharura [necessity] that Isa [Jesus] alaihissalâm will descend from the sky. One who denies this becomes kâfir.
152- It is kufr to call someone who is promised Jannat by Qur’ân al-karîm and hadîth-i-sherîfs a kâfir.
153- Trying to fit âyat-i karîmas that have nothing to do with [and are outside the scope of] science and experience to scientific knowledge, and to change the tafsirs of salaf-i sâlihîn is a great crime. Those who make such translations and tafsirs become kâfir.
154- If a girl who is said to be a Muslim does not know about Islam when she reaches puberty, she becomes a kâfir without milla [religion]. The same holds for a boy.
155- It is harâm [sinful, forbidden] for a Muslim woman to go outside her house with her head, arms, and legs open and visible to men. She becomes kâfir if she does not believe in the significance of this.
156- The fards and harâms declared by our beloved Nabee (alaihissalâm) are as important as those declared explicitly in Qur’ân al-karîm. Those who disbelieve and deny these become kâfir.
157- To say (azîm) with (Zi) [prounced with back vowel, the tip of the tongue touches the front teeth, as in “the”] in ruku means “My Rab is great.” If (Ze) [front vowel, as in the usual “z” in English] is used to say (azîm), the meaning changes to (My Rab is my enemy) and the salât is broken. Saying so [intentionally] causes kufr.
158- If somebody recites Qur’ân al-karîm with tagannee [as if singing a song for entertainment, adding extra letters and sounds], it is kufr to say “How beautiful you recite!” In general, it is kufr to say beautiful [good, nice, etc.] for something that is unanimously harâm in the four maddhabs. Of course, it is not kufr to say that reciting Qur’ân al-karîm or his voice is beautiful.
159- One who denies the existence of malaks [angels] and djinns [genies] becomes kâfir.
160- The âyats [verses] of Qur’ân al-karîm are to be understood with the obvious, well-known meanings of the words therein. Those who follow the deviant sect of batinîs [Ismailîs] in changing these meanings become kâfir.
161- Doing magic [witchcraft, casting spells] will cause kufr if a word or an action that causes kufr is involved.
162- One who calls a Muslim “O kâfir!” [or says “freemason” or “communist” to a Muslim] becomes kâfir himself if he believes that he is kâfir.
163- If a person who performs his ibâdats [salât and others] has doubts [i.e. if he worries] about damage to his îmân and thinks like “I have a lot of sins, my ibâdats may not save me,” [if he is afraid of loosing his îmân] this shows that his îmân is strong. If he doubts that his îmân will continue [if he is indecisive about remaining a Muslim], he becomes kâfir. [It is understood that he is a Mu’min if he dislikes having such doubts.]
164- [As the exact number of Nabees is not known,] Saying an exact number for Nabees may be equivalent to disbelieving a Nabee or to assuming somebody who is not actually a Nabee is a Nabee. This in turn is kufr. This is because rejecting a single Nabee is equivalent to rejecting all Nabees.
If Islamic scholars have unanimously declared that a certain action or statement causes kufr, and if a Muslim says or does that willingly [without being threatened and forced to do or to say so] and knowing that it will cause kufr, either seriously or as a joke to make others laugh, he becomes kâfir even if he does not think about its meaning. He becomes murtad [apostate, renegade]. This is called kufr-i inadî. The thawâbs of his earlier ibâdats are wiped away and do not return even when he repents. If he is rich, he must go to Hajj again. He does not make qadâ [make-up ibâdat] for the salâts, sawms [fasts], and zakâts he neglected when he was murtad. He must, however, make qadâ for such ibâdats he failed to perform before becoming murtad. It is not sufficient to say only the kalimat ash-shahada to make tawba [repentance]. He must repent from the specific thing [statement, action, belief] that caused his kufr. [In other words, he must enter through the door from which he has exited Islam.] If he says or does something that will cause kufr without knowing that it causes kufr, or if he intentionally says something about which there is disagreement among scholars [about its causing kufr], then there is doubt about his îmân and nikâh [marriage bond] being destroyed. It is recommended that he make tajdid-i îmân and tajdid-i nikâh [renewal of îmân and nikâh] as a precaution. Doing or saying something without knowing that it causes kufr is called kufr-i jahlî. Not knowing is not an excuse, it is a great sin. This is because every Muslim must learn the things that are fard to learn. If a statement that causes kufr is said by mistake or with a ta’wil [a meaning other than the obvious meaning of the statement], îmân and nikâh are not destroyed. However, it is good to make tawba [repentance] and istighfâr [saying “forgive me” to Allahu ta’âlâ], that is to make tajdid-i îmân.
Just as a kâfir becomes a Muslim with a single statement [kalimat at-tawhîd], a mu’min can become kâfir with a single statement.
If hundred different meanings can be understood from an action or a statement of a Muslim, and if ninety nine of these show kufr, but only one shows that he has îmân, then it is necessary to say that he is a Muslim [and not a kâfir]. That is, the ninety nine meanings that cause kufr are ignored, and the meaning that is not kufr is assumed. This should not be misunderstood. Two points should be noted here. First, the person in question should be a Muslim. If –for example- a Jew says something that praises Qur’ân al-karîm, or if a Christian says “There is only one God,” one cannot say that these are Muslims. Second, mention is made here of hundred different meanings of a single statement. Otherwise, if ninety nine statements contain kufr, and one statement shows îmân, that person cannot be called a Muslim.
— Every Muslim should read the following prayer every morning and every night:
“ALLAHUMMA INNÎ E’ÛZU BIKE MIN AN USHRIKA BIKA SHAY-AN WA ANA A’LAMU WA ASTAGHFIRU-KA LI-MÂ LÂ-A’LAMU INNAKA ANTA ALLÂMUL-GUYÛB.”
Every Muslim should make tajdid-i îmân [renewal of îmân] and tajdid-i nikâh [renewal of nikâh] reading the following:
“ALLÂHUMMA INNÎ URÎDU AN UJADDIDAL ÎMÂNA WANNIKÂHA TAJDÎDAN BI-QAWLI LÂ ILÂHA ILLALLAH MUHAMMADUN RASÛLULLAH”

TO KEEP AND PROTECT OUR ÎMÂN,
FOR OUR ÎMÂN TO PERSEVERE
1- Must believe in ghaib [Things that cannot be learned with intelligence or physical senses (seeing, hearing, etc.), but can be learned only from Nabees. Examples include the attributes of Allahu ta’âlâ, the Hereafter, Jannat and Jahannam, malaks, djinns etc.]
2- Must believe that ghaibs [things that are not declared in Qur’ân al-karîm and hadîth-i-sherîfs, and cannot be understood by means of physical senses, experience, or calculations] can be known only by Allahu ta’âlâ and those He chooses to inform. [For example, the location of the moon at a certain time in the future is not ghaib because it can be calculated. On the other hand, most things that will happen in the future are ghaibs.]
3- Must know and accept harâms as harâms.
4- Must know and accept halâls as halâls.
5- Must not be sure of avoiding Allahu ta’âlâ’s punishment, i.e. one must always be in fear [of punishment].
6- Must never loose hope of Allahu ta’âlâ [of His forgiveness].
— Denying the thing that caused kufr is also tawba. If a murtad dies before tawba, he is punished in the fire of Jahannam forever. Therefore, one must fear kufr very much and must talk very little. A hadîth-i-sherîf states (Always speak good, useful words. Otherwise, keep silent!). One should be serious and must avoid being playful and a joker. One should not do things that are unwise and inhuman. One must pray to Allahu ta’âlâ a lot for protection from kufr.

WHILE HAVING ÎMÂN AT THE PRESENT,
THINGS THAT MAY CAUSE THE LOSS OF ÎMÂN IN THE FUTURE
1- Having bid’as [bid’a: innovation in religion]. That is, having incorrect i’tiqâd [creed]. One who has a belief with the slightest difference from the i’tiqâd described by Ahl al-Sunna scholars will be either a kâfir or a deviant.
2- Weak îmân, that is lack of amal [good deeds, actions].
3- Deviating the nine organs away from the right path.
4- To continue to commit great [major] sins.
5- Ceasing to thank for the gift of Islam.
6- Not being afraid of dying without îmân.
7- Cruelty to others.
8- Not listening to azân-i Muhammadî recited in accordance with sunna.
9- Being rebellious to one’s mother and father.
10- Swearing [saying “Allahu ta’âlâ is my witness,” or “wallahi, billahi, tallahi”] very frequently even if telling the truth.
11- Neglecting ta’dîl-i arkân [remaining motionless for a while after becoming calm at four places] in salât.
12- Failing to appreciate the significance of salât and neglecting to teach salât to one’s dependants [children, wife] or preventing those who want to perform salât.
13- Drinking alcoholic beverages.
14- Harassing or troubling mu’mins.
15- Pretending to be a walî, preaching religious knowledge insincerely.
16- To forget one’s own sins, to belittle them.
17- To have kibr [pride, conceit, seeing oneself above others], that is to have a high opinion of oneself.
18- Ujb [liking one-self], that is thinking that one has a lot of ilm [knowledge] and amal [good deeds].
19- Being munafiq [insincere], being disingenuous.
20- Jealousy, being jealous [resentful] of other Muslim brothers and sisters.
21- To disobey the government’s or one’s teacher’s order that is not contrary to Islam.
22- To say someone is good without trying [without any experience with] that person.
23- To insist on lying.
24- Avoiding [keeping away from] ulama [Islamic scholars].
25- To grow the mustache longer than the length specified by sunna.
26- For men, to wear silk.
27- To insist on [to continue making] Ghiybat.
28- To trouble neighbors, even the kâfir ones.
29- Getting angry and enraged frequently for worldly affairs.
30- To pay and receive interest.
31- To wear cloths with extra long sleeves or skirt to boast and to show off.
32- To do witchcraft [magic, casting spells].
33- Neglecting to visit Muslim and sâlih [pious] close relatives.
34- To dislike a person loved by Allahu ta’âlâ; to like those who want to corrupt Islam. [HUBB-I FILLÂH AND BUGHD-I FILLÂH is a condition of îmân.]
35- Bearing a grudge against a mu’min for more than three days.
36- To continue committing fornication.
37- Committing sodomy and not to repent.
38- Not reciting the azân at the correct times described in fiqh books and in accordance with sunna, and failing to listen (with respect) to the azân recited according to sunna.
39- Failing to make nahy [warning somebody against committing a sin] politely [with friendly conversation] to a person committing a munkar [harâm, sin], although he has the power to make such a nahy.
40- Approving his wife, his daughter -or any women he has the right to advise- to go out [to outside the house] with their heads, arms, legs open and wearing ornaments [showy dresses, jewelries etc] and nice smells [perfumes] and to meet with bad people.
GREAT SINS ARE PLENTIFUL [SEVENTY TWO ARE LISTED BELOW]
1- To kill a person without a just cause.
2- Fornication and adultery.
3- Sodomy.
4- To drink wine and all kinds of alcoholic beverages. [Drinking beer is harâm.]
5- To steal.
6- To eat, drink or smoke narcotic drugs for pleasure.
7- To take somebody else’s possession with force [to seize by violence, robbery].
8- To lie as a witness. [Giving a false testimony].
9- To eat and drink in front of Muslims during Ramadan [month of fasting] without a valid reason.
10- To pay or receive interest.
11- To swear [to say Wallahi, Billahi, Allah is my witness...] frequently.
12- To rebel against one’s parents, to oppose them.
13- Abandoning sila-i rahm [visitation] to Muslim and sâlih close relatives.
14- To run away from the enemy by abandoning a battle.
15- To use [to spend, to take away] an orphan’s possessions without a right to do so.
16- To cheat in weighing and measuring [during buying and selling].
17- To perform salât before or after its correct time.
18- To break the heart of a mu’min [is a greater sin than demolishing the Kaaba. Other than kufr, there is no greater sin that offends Allahu ta’âlâ as much as breaking a heart.]
19- To quote a statement not made by Rasûlullah (sall-Allahu alaihi wa sallam) and then to ascribe it to Him.
20- To take bribes.
21- To avoid giving a true testimony.
22- Not giving zakât and ushr of one’s possessions.
23- Not preventing somebody from committing a sin, a munkar even though one has the power to do so.
24- To burn an animal alive.
25- To forget [to loose the ability to] reading Qur’ân al-karîm after learning to do so.
26- To loose hope for Allahu ta’âlâ’s rahmat [is kufr].
27- Betraying [being treacherous to] persons whether they are Muslims or kâfirs.
28- Eating pork [pig meat].
29- To dislike and to curse any one of Ashab-i kirâm [the honorable companions] of Rasûlullah.
30- To continue eating after fullness [satiety].
31- For a woman, to escape from the bed of her husband.
32- For a woman, making visits without permission from her husband.
33- To accuse an honorable woman of being a whore.
34- Namîma [Talebearing], that is to spread gossip among Muslims. [For example, if Ahmad says something negative about Mahmad, and if somebody tells Mahmad “Ahmad said so and so about you”, this is namîma.]
35- To display [show] the places of awrat [parts of the body that must be covered] to others. [For men, the body between the belly and the knees is awrat. For women, the hair, the arms, the legs are included in awrat (against men).] It is harâm to look at the places of awrat of others.
36- To eat a carcass [meat from an animal that died by itself or which has been killed in a manner not prescribed by Islam] and to feed it to others.
37- To betray an amanat [something entrusted to him for safekeeping].
38- To make Ghiybat of a Muslim.
39- Hasad [being resentfully jealous].
40- To make shirk [to ascribe partners] to Allahu ta’âlâ.
41- To lie.
42- Kibr [pride, conceit], to see oneself above others.
43- For the terminally ill, hiding wealth from an inheritor.
44- Being bahîl [avaricious], extremely hasîs [stingy].
45- Having love for this world [worldly possessions and pleasures].
46- Not being afraid of the azab [punishment and wrath] of Allahu ta’âlâ.
47- Failing to believe that something that is actually harâm is harâm.
48- Failing to believe that something that is actually halâl is halâl.
49- To believe in the predictions and information about ghaib coming from fortune-tellers.
50- To abandon one’s religion, to become murtad.
51- Looking at other men’s wives and daughters without a valid reason.
52- For women, wearing men’s clothes.
53- For men, wearing women’s clothes.
54- To commit a sin in Harem-i Kaaba.
55- To recite azân and to perform salât before the correct time.
56- To oppose and to rebel against the orders of statesmen and the laws of the land.
57- To liken his wife’s private parts to those of his mother’s.
58- To swear at his wife’s mother.
59- To aim at each other [with a weapon].
60- To eat and drink the leftovers of a dog.
61- To remind one reproachfully of a kindness done to him. [To rub in a favor done to someone.]
62- For men, to wear silk.
63- To insist on remaining ignorant [To avoid learning the Ahl al-Sunna i’tiqâd, the fards, the harâms and other required knowledge.]
64- To take an oath saying names other than Allahu ta’âlâ and those specified by Islam.
65- To avoid ilm [religious knowledge].
66- Failing to understand that ignorance is a calamity.
67- To insist on repeating a minor sin.
68- To make a habit of loud laughter without dharura [i.e. willingly].
69- To remain junub for a duration long enough to miss a salât.
70- To have intercourse with his wife during her [monthly] period or during lohusa [after child birth] state.
71- To make tagannee [singing songs for entertainment]. To sing obscene songs, to use musical instruments. [Singing a song occasionally by oneself without any musical instruments and to dispel distress is permitted.]
72- To commit suicide.
The mut’a nikâh, the temporary nikâh are harâm. It is harâm for a woman to go outside her house with her head, hair, arms and legs open and visible to men. It is also harâm for her to go out wearing thin, tight, flashy [ornamented], nice smelling dresses.
It is harâm to look at a woman whose main awrat places [the part of the body between the knees and the belly] are covered with tight clothing even without lust. It is harâm to look at a stranger woman’s underwear with lust. It is harâm to lustfully look at places other than main awrat places covered with tight clothing. It is harâm to make, to publish, and to produce pictures that cause lust and harâm. [It is kufr to say things like “so what?” or “what is the harm?” for harâms.]
Using water in unnecessary amounts during abdast and ghusl is isrâf [wasteful expenditure] and [is therefore] harâm.
Defaming past awliya, calling them ignorant, ascribing meanings contrary to Islam to their statements, denying that they have karâmât after they die and thinking that they cease to be awliya when they die and to prevent those who make tabarruk [getting blessings] with their graves are harâm just like having Sû-i zan [bad thoughts without solid evidence] about Muslims, being cruel to Muslims, rubbing their possessions, and hasad [being jealous], slandering, lying and making Ghiybat.

TEN THINGS CAUSE DYING WITHOUT ÎMÂN
IN THE LAST BREATH

1- Not learning the orders and prohibitions of Allahu ta’âlâ.
2- Not correcting one’s îmân [creed] according to the Ahl al-Sunna i’tiqâd.
3- Being fond of worldly possessions, positions [ranks], and fame.
4- Treating cruelly and hurting humans, animals, and oneself.
5- Failing to thank Allahu ta’âlâ and those who cause good and beneficial things to come to us [those who do us kindness and favors].
6- Not being afraid of being kâfir.
7- Not performing the five salâts on time.
8- To pay and receive interest.
9- To despise religious Muslims, calling them “backward,” “primitive,” etc.
10- Speaking and writing obscene words, and producing obscene [pornographic] pictures [drawings, photographs, movies].
THE FOLLOWING SHOULD BE HEEDED TO FOR HAVING
AHL AL-SUNNA I’TIQÂD
1- Allahu ta’âlâ has sifats [attributes]. These are separate from His dhât [self].
2- Îmân does not increase or decrease.
3- Îmân is not destroyed by committing a great sin.
4- Belief in ghaib is essential.
5- There is no qiyas [ijtihad, deduction with comparison with explicitly declared matters] in îmân.
6- Allahu ta’âlâ will be seen [by Muslims who are] in Jannat.
7- Tawakkul [putting one’s trust in Allah] is a condition of îmân.
8- Amals (ibâdats) are not components of îmân.
9- Belief in Qadar [destiny] is a condition of îmân.
10- It is necessary to follow one of the four maddhabs in amals.
11- It is necessary to love [and to respect] all of Ashab-i kirâm, Ahl-i bayt, and the wives of our beloved Nabee alaihissalâm.
12- The superiorities of the four khalifas [caliphs] are in the order of their khilafets [caliphates].
13- It is jaiz [permissible] to donate the thawâbs [rewards] of nafila [non-obligatory] ibâdats like salât, sawm [fasting], and sadaqa [alms] to another Muslim.
14- Mi’râj [ascension] occurred with both the body and the soul.
15- The karâmât [extraordinary actions and states] of awliya [saints, pious persons loved by Allahu ta’âlâ] is hak [true].
16- Shafâ’at [intercession] is hak.
17- Mas’h [wiping] above mast [light, thin-soled boot] is jaiz [for abdast].
18- There is questioning in the grave.
19- Punishment in the grave will be both to the soul and the body.
20- Allahu ta’âlâ is the Creator of humans and their actions. Humans have irâda-i juz’iyya [minor will].
21- Rizq may be both from halâl or harâm.
22 – It is permissible to make tawassul with awliya’s souls and to pray to Allahu ta’âlâ saying “for their sake.”

BAD HABITS:
1- Kufr.
2- Ignorance.
3- Fear of being criticized. [Failing to accept the truth due to a dislike of criticism, backbiting, and condemnation by other people.]
4- Enjoying [and wanting] to be praised [due to self-admiration].
5- Bid’as in i’tiqâd [incorrect belief, corrupted îmân].
6- Hawa al-nafs. [Submission to the desires, pleasures, and lusts of the nafs.]
7- Îmân based on imitation. [Imitation of unknown persons.]
8- Riyâ. [Showing off, seeking worldly benefits by performing ibâdats.]
9- Tûl-i emel. [Wanting to live long for pleasures and enjoyment.]
10- Tama’. [Seeking wordly pleasures through forbidden means.]
11- Kibr. [Regarding oneself as better than and above others.]
12- Tazallul. [Extreme humility, lowliness.]
13- Ujb. [To admire one’s own ibâdats and good deeds, self-admiration]
14- Hasad. [Being resentfully jealous, wishing another person to loose the ne’mat [benefit, virtue, richness, beauty, rank, etc.] in question. Ebullays-i Samarkandî said: (The prayers of three persons are not accepted: One who eats harâm, one who makes Ghiybat, and one who has hasad).]
15- Hiqd. [To hate another person, to bear animosity. To belittle others.]
16- Shamâtat. [Being glad for a misfortune or harm that came to someone else.]
17- Hijr. [To abondon friendship, to remain mad at someone.]
18- Jubn. [Cowardice, lack of sufficient shajâ’at [bravery].]
19- Tahawwur. [Having extreme and harmful anger and harshness.]
20- Ghadr. [Not keeping one’s word, not holding to one’s promises and agreements.]
21- Hiyânat. [Perfidy. Indication of being munafiq [hypocrite, one who pretends to be a Muslim]; statement or action that damages confidence.]
22- Turning back on a promise. [Not holding to one’s promise. Hadîth-i-sharîf states: (There are three indications of nifaq [hypocrisy]: Lying, not holding to one’s promise, betraying something entrusted for safekeeping.)]
23- Sû-i zan. [Sû-i zan is harâm. To think that Allah will not forgive one’s sins is Sû-i zan against Allahu ta’âlâ. To assume that mu’mins are sinners [fâsiqs] is also Sû-i zan.]
24- Love of possessions. [Being fond of possessions e.g. money, jewelry, land, houses, etc.]
25- Taswîf. [To postpone good deeds.] Hadîth-i-sherîf states: (Appreciate the value of five things before five things arrive: Life before death, health before illness, the value of earning the Hereafter [Afterlife] while in this world, youth before old age, wealth before poverty.)
26- Liking fâsiqs [sinners]. [The worst fisq [sin] is zulm [cruelty]. One who commits harâms is called fâsiq.]
27- Hostility to Islamic scholars. [Mocking Islamic sciences and scholars is kufr.]
28- Fitna. [Fitna is pushing or leading people into troubles and calamities. Hadîth-i-sherîf states: (Fitna is asleep. La’net [May Allah’s wrath be] unto him who awakes it!)]
29- Mudâhana [concession]. [Mudâhana is giving up religion for worldly benefits and choosing not to dissuade somebody who is committing a harâm, although he has the power to dissuade him.] Giving worldly benefits for [the protection and practice of] religion is mudârâ [i.e. mudârâ is not a bad habit].
30- Inâd [stubbornness, obstinacy] ve mukâbara [conceit, pride]. [Not accepting the truth after hearing it.]
31- Nifaq [hypocrisy]. [Being munafiq, insincere, hypocritical.]
32- Not making tafakkur [pondering, reflection, thinking]. [Not pondering about one’s sins, or about creatures and oneself.]
33- Curse [pray for the harm of] a Muslim.
34- Calling a Muslim with a belittling nickname.
35- Not to accept an apology.
36- To make an incorrect tafsîr [explanation] of Qur’ân al-karîm.
37- To persist on committing a harâm.
38- Ghiybat [backbiting, talking behind people’s back].
39- Not to repent.
40- Greed for possessions and position [rank].
[One should refrain from bad habits and try to have good habits. Hadîth-i-sharîfs state: (A person with a small amount of ibâdats attains high degrees in Qiyâmat due to his good habits.)
(The easiest and the most beneficial ibâdat is to talk very little and to have good habits.)
(To get close to those who withdraw away from you, to forgive those who treat you cruelly, and to donate to those who deprive you constitute having good habits [i.e. good moral character].)